Ultra-fast random numbers: New generator boosts security and speed

In computer security, random numbers are crucial values that must be unpredictable—such as secret keys or initialization vectors (IVs)—forming the foundation of security systems. To achieve this, deterministic random bit generators (DRBGs) are used, which produce numbers that appear random. However, existing DRBGs had limitations in both security (unpredictability against hacking) and output speed.

phys.org : computer-sciences

Allie, an AI chess bot, learns to play like humans from 91 million Lichess games

Yiming Zhang didn't grow up playing chess. Like many other people, the Carnegie Mellon University Ph.D. student discovered the Netflix series "The Queen's Gambit" during the pandemic and began playing online. However, he quickly realized how unnatural it felt playing against chess bots.

phys.org : computer-sciences

Two-phase model incorporates interactions with air to facilitate realistic simulation of fluids

Storm surges or collapsing dams—authentic simulations of water flows are not only important for special effects in disaster movies, but could also help to protect coastal regions. For more realistic simulations of fluid motions, researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have developed a new method that also takes into account the interaction with air. The approach is so efficient that calculations of complex wave motions can even be carried out with standard computers.

phys.org : computer-sciences

Anthropic says they've found a new way to stop AI from turning evil

AI is a relatively new tool, and despite its rapid deployment in nearly every aspect of our lives, researchers are still trying to figure out how its "personality traits" arise and how to control them. Large learning models (LLMs) use chatbots or "assistants" to interface with users, and some of these assistants have exhibited troubling behaviors recently, like praising evil dictators, using blackmail or displaying sycophantic behaviors with users. Considering how much these LLMs have already been integrated into our society, it is no surprise that researchers are trying to find ways to weed out undesirable behaviors.

phys.org : computer-sciences

'Meschers' tool visualizes and edits 'physically impossible' objects

M.C. Escher's artwork is a gateway into a world of depth-defying optical illusions, featuring "impossible objects" that break the laws of physics with convoluted geometries. What you perceive his illustrations to be depends on your point of view—for example, a person seemingly walking upstairs may be heading down the steps if you tilt your head sideways.

phys.org : computer-sciences

You're better at spotting malware than you think, new study suggests

When it comes to cybersecurity, humans are often seen as the weakest link, but new research suggests that with a little help, people can do a surprisingly effective job at identifying malware.

phys.org : computer-sciences

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AI can evolve to feel guilt—but only in certain social environments

Guilt is a highly advantageous quality for society as a whole. It might not prevent initial wrongdoings, but guilt allows humans to judge their own prior judgments as harmful and prevents them from happening again. The internal distress caused by feelings of guilt often—but not always—results in the person taking on some kind of penance to relieve themselves from internal turmoil. This might be something as simple as admitting their wrongdoing to others and taking on a slight stigma of someone who is morally corrupt. This upfront cost might be initially painful, but can relieve further guilt and lead to better cooperation for the group in the future.

phys.org : computer-sciences

New algorithm enables efficient machine learning with symmetric data structures

If you rotate an image of a molecular structure, a human can tell the rotated image is still the same molecule, but a machine-learning model might think it is a new data point. In computer science parlance, the molecule is "symmetric," meaning the fundamental structure of that molecule remains the same if it undergoes certain transformations, like rotation.

phys.org : computer-sciences