Career development in the community of Madrid and Spain
This paper explores the state of teenage career development in Madrid, Spain. It sets out findings from the 2022 round of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a comparative international survey of young people in secondary...
OECD > Education Working Papers'The Measurement of Socio-economic Status in PISA
With each survey cycle, the measurement of socio-economic status in PISA must strike a delicate balance between at-times conflicting goals: accuracy, coverage, cost-efficiency, trend continuity, relevance (keeping up with changes in society) and...
OECD > Education Working PapersInnovation in career pathways across five countries
Since the Great Financial Crisis (2007–08) many countries have explored how education systems can better prepare students for their working lives in order to reduce youth unemployment and enhance educational engagement and achievement. This paper...
OECD > Education Working Papers